英文簡單學 – 被動式 (中)｜EF ENGLISH LIVE部落格

如同在被動式 (上) 所提到的，在英文被動語態中不但要轉換動詞的形式，還要注意視說話語意的時間點變換時態。以下就是被動式常用的不同時態表達方式 :

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被動式的基本形式：be 動詞 + P.P.（動詞過去分詞）

1. 現在式：am / is / are + P.P.

   The house is cleaned every day.

   這房子每天都被打掃乾淨

   Taipei 101 is visited by hundreds of people every day.

   台北101每天都有很多人參觀

   Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving.

   很多車禍都是違規駕駛造成的

   

2. 過去式：was / were + P.P.

   The house was cleaned yesterday.

   這房子昨天有被打掃乾淨

   The church was built in 1885.

   這教堂是在1885年建造的

   We were all woken up by a loud explosion during the night.

   晚上的時候，我們全部都被很大的爆炸聲吵醒了。

   

3. 未來式：will + be + P.P.  &  be + going to + be + P.P.

   The house will be cleaned next week.

   The house is going to be cleaned next week.

   這房子下週將會被打掃乾淨

   The new hotel will be opened next year.

   The new hotel is going to be opened next year.

   這全新的飯店明年將會開幕

   The new highway will be completed in three months.

   The new highway is going to be completed in three months.

   這新的高速公路將會在三個月後完成

   

4. 現在進行式：am / is / are + being + P.P.

   The house is being cleaned at the moment.

   這房子此刻正在被打掃

   The rooms are being painted right now.

   這些房間正在被油漆

   A new shopping center downtown is being built.

   市中心正在興建一座全新的購物中心

   

5. 過去進行式：was / were + being + P.P.

   The house was being cleaned yesterday afternoon.

   這房子當時正在被打掃

   Suddenly I heard footsteps behind me. I was being followed.

   當時我突然聽見身後有腳步聲，我被跟蹤了。

   The farmer’s wagon was being pulled by two horses.

   當時農夫的馬車正被兩匹馬拉著

   

6. 現在完成式：have / has + been + P.P.

   The house has been cleaned since they left.

   自從他們離開後，這房子已經被打掃了。

   We have been invited to dinner by Mr. and Mrs. Johnson.

   我們已經被Johnson先生和太太邀請吃晚餐

   Have you ever been bitten by a dog?

   你曾經被狗咬過嗎？

   

7. 過去完成式：had + been + P.P.

   The house had been cleaned before they arrived.

   在當時他們抵達前，這房子已被打掃了。

   The mail had been delivered by the time I left for work this morning.

   今天早上我去上班前，郵件已經送來了。

   James didn’t know about the change of plans. He hadn’t been told.

   當時 James 不知道計畫改變了，他沒有被告知。

   

8. 未來完成式：will + have + been + P.P.

   The house will have been cleaned by next week.

   這房子在下星期前就會被打掃乾淨了

   The project will have been completed by the end of the week.

   這星期結束前這個專案就會被完成了

   The door will have been opened before you arrive tomorrow.

   你們明天抵達前，門就已經被打開了。

被動式